Construction

The koto is a type of fretless zither usually about 72 inches long and made from Paulownia wood. It traditionally has 13 strings, although a 17 string version is popular and kotos with 20 strings or more can be found. The strings are stretched across bridges made of ivory, plastic, or wood that may be moved to alter the pitch of the string. Traditionally, those strings were made from silk, however in modern times synthetic strings are more common. Since strings most often break nearer to the playing end, extra length of string is kept coiled at the opposite side so it may be pulled down and retied. The koto is played by plucking the strings with plectrums on the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand. In more recent traditions the left hand may also be used to press the strings to alter their sound.  The playing end of the koto is lifted by a short stand or feet while the player kneels next to the instrument. Today, however, it is more common for the performer to be seated with the koto held on a taller stand.